SAQQARA, Egypt (AP) -- Egyptian archaeologists have uncovered
the "missing pyramid" of a pharaoh and a ceremonial procession road
where high priests carried mummified remains of sacred bulls,
Egypt's antiquities chief said Thursday.
Zahi Hawass said the pyramid, of which only the base remains, is
believed to be that of King Menkauhor, an obscure pharaoh who ruled
for only eight years more than 4,000 years ago.
In 1842, German archaeologist Karl Richard Lepsius mentioned
Menkauhor's pyramid among his finds at Saqqara, calling it
the "Headless Pyramid" because its top was missing, Hawass said.
But the desert sands covered Lepsius' discovery, and no
archaeologist since was able to find it.
"We have filled the gap of the missing pyramid," Hawass said on a
tour of the discoveries at Saqqara, the necropolis and burial site
of the rulers of ancient Memphis, the capital of Egypt's Old
Kingdom, south of Cairo.
Only the pyramid's base -- or the superstructure, as archeologists
call it -- was found after a 25-foot-high mound of sand was removed
over the past year and a half by Hawass' team. Watch "missing
pyramid" discovered in Egypt »
The base was in a 15 foot-deep pit dug out by workers, with heaps of
huge rocks marking its entrance and walls. A burial chamber also was
discovered.
Hawass said the style of the pyramid and of a gray granite
sarcophagus lid found in the burial chamber indicates the pyramid
was from the Fifth Dynasty, a period that began in 2465 B.C. and
ended in 2325 B.C.
That would put it about two centuries after the completion of the
Great Pyramid of Giza, believed to have been finished in 2500 B.C.
Archaeologists have not found a cartouche -- a pharoah's name in
hieroglyphs -- of the pyramid's owner. But Hawass said that, based
on the estimated dating of the pyramid, he was convinced it belonged
to Menkauhor.
The second discovery Hawass announced Thursday was a part of a
ceremonial procession road, dating to the Ptolemaic period, which
ran for about 300 years before 30 B.C.
It runs alongside Menkauhor's pyramid, leading from a mummification
chamber toward the Saqqara Serapium, a network of underground tombs
where sacred bulls were interred, discovered by French archaeologist
August Mariette in 1850.
A high priest would carry the mummified bulls' remains down the
road -- the only human allegedly allowed to walk on it -- to the
chambers where the bulls would be placed in sarcophagi in the
Serapium, about a third of a mile away, he said.
Ancient Egyptians considered Apis bulls to be earthy incarnations of
the city god of Memphis and connected with fertility and the sun-
cult.
A bull would be chosen for its deep black coloring and would be
required to have a single white mark between the horns. Selected by
priests and honored until death, it was mummified and buried in the
Serapium's underground galleries.
The sprawling archaeological site at Saqqara is most famous for the
Step Pyramid of King Djoserm the oldest of Egypt's 100-plus
pyramids, built in the 27th century B.C.